FRANK Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds-I: Hydrogen Chloride

Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds-I: Hydrogen Chloride Exercise 198

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Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds-I: Hydrogen Chloride Exercise 199

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Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds-I: Hydrogen Chloride Exercise 200

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Question 8

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

(i) HCl gas can be prepared by direct combination of hydrogen and chlorine gas in presence of

(a) Direct sunlight

(b) Dark atmosphere

(c) Diffused sunlight

(d) MnO₂ catalyst

(ii) Dilute hydrochloric acid solution cannot be concentrated by boiling beyond

(a) 11%

(b) 33%

(c) 44%

(d) 22%

(iii) Bleaching powder reacts with few drops of concentrated HCl to give

(a) Chlorine

(b) Calcium oxide

(c) Oxygen

(d) None of these

(iv) Which of the following statement is not correct?

(a) HCl gas is collected by upward displacement of air

(b) HCl acid gives white precipitate with AgNO₃.

(c) HCl gas is collected by downward displacement of air

(d) HCl acid turns phenolphthalein solution colurless

Solution 8

(i) Diffused sunlight

(ii) 22%

(iii) Chlorine

(iv) HCl gas is collected by the downward displacement of air.

Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds-I: Hydrogen Chloride Exercise 201

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Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds-I: Hydrogen Chloride Exercise 202

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Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds-I: Hydrogen Chloride Exercise 203

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Question 9

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Aqua regia is a mixture of :

(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid

(b) Concentrated hydrochloric acid and dilute nitric acid

(c) Cocentrated hydrochloric acid [1 part] and concentrated nitric acid [ 3 parts]

(d) Concentrated hydrochloric acid [3 parts] and concentrated nitric acid [ 1 part]

Solution 9

Aqua regia is a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid [3 parts] and concentrated nitric acid [1 part].

Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds-I: Hydrogen Chloride Exercise 204

Question 1

The diagram shows an apparatus for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride.

(i) Identify A and B

(ii) Write the equation for the reaction

(iii) How would you check whether or not the gas jar is filled with hydrogen chloride?

(iv) What does the method of collection tell you about the density of hydrogen chloride

 

Solution 1

(i) A = conc. H₂SO₄ B = NaCl

(ii) 

(iii) When a rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide is brought near the mouth of the gas jar, dense white fumes of ammonium chloride are produced.

(iv) Hydrogen chloride is denser than air. 

Question 2

By the addition of only one solution how would you distinguish between dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute nitric acid?

Solution 2

Silver nitrate solution will give a white ppt. when added to dil. hydrochloric acid, and no change will be observed when it is added to dil. nitric acid. 

Question 3

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

(i) Hydrogen chloride gas being highly soluble in water is dried by :

(a) Anhydrous calcium chloride

(b) Phosphorous pentaoxide

(c) Quick time

(d) Concentrated sulphuric acid

Solution 3

Being highly soluble in water, hydrogen chloride gas is dried by conc. sulphuric acid.

Question 4

In the laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid, HCl gas is dissolved in water.

(i) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl in water.

(ii) Why is such an arrangement necessary? Give two reasons.

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the laboratory preparation of HCl gas when the reactants are :

(a) Below 200^oC

(b) Above 200^oC

Solution 4

(i) Diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl gas in water:

(ii) Such an arrangement is necessary to prevent back suction of water into the apparatus, and it provides a large surface area for dissolution of hydrogen chloride gas. 

(iii) Balanced chemical equations for the laboratory preparation of HCl gas:

Question 5

State one appropriate observation for each of the following

(i) Copper sulphate is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid

(ii) A few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid are added to silver nitrate solution, followed by the addition of ammonium hydroxide solution

(iii) Which gas is evolved when potassium sulphite with dilute hydrochloric acid

(iv) Concentrated HCl is made to react with mangese diaoxide

(v) Action of dilute HCl or sodium sulphite

Solution 5

(i) Add silver nitrate solution to both solutions. Sodium chloride will form a curdy white ppt., whereas sodium nitrate will not undergo any reaction.

(ii) Hydrogen chloride gas gives thick white fumes of ammonium chloride when a glass rod dipped in ammonia solution is held near the vapours of the acid, whereas no white fumes are observed in case of hydrogen sulphide gas.

(iii) Ethene gas decolourises the purple colour of KMnO₄, whereas ethane does not decolourise KMnO₄ solution.

(iv) Calcium nitrate forms no ppt. even with addition of excess of NH₄OH, whereas zinc nitrate forms a white gelatinous ppt. which dissolves in excess of NH₄OH.

(v) Carbon dioxide gas has no effect on acidified KMnO₄ or K₂Cr₂O₇, but sulphur dioxide turns potassium permanganate from pink to colourless. 

Question 6

Study the figure given alongside and answer that questions that follow:

(i) Identify the gas Y.

(ii) What property of gas Y does this experiment demonstrate?

(iii) Name another gas which has the same property and can be demonstrated through this experiment

Solution 6

(i) The gas is HCl (hydrogen chloride) gas.

(ii) Extreme solubility of hydrogen chloride gas is demonstrated by the fountain experiment.

(iii) Ammonia gas is another gas which has the same property which can be demonstrated through this experiment.

Chapter 8 - Study of Compounds-I: Hydrogen Chloride Exercise 205

Question 1

The following questions are pertaining to the laboratory pertaining hydrogen chloride gas.

(i) Write the equation for its preparation mentioning the condition required

(ii) Name the drying agent used and justify your choice

(iii) State a safety precaution you would take during the preparation of hydrochloric acid.

Solution 1

(i) Equation for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas:

Although it is a reversible reaction, it goes to completion as hydrogen chloride continuously escapes as a gas.

The reaction can occur up to the stage of the formation of sodium sulphate on heating above 200°C.

(ii) The drying agent used in the laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid is conc. sulphuric acid.

The other drying agents such as phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) and quick lime (CaO) cannot be used because they react with hydrogen chloride.

2P₂O₅ + 3HCl → POCl₃ + 3HPO₃

CaO + 2HCl → POCl₃ + 3HPO₃

(iii) A safety precaution which should be taken during the preparation of hydrochloric acid:

Always wear chemical splash goggles, chemical-

resistant gloves and a chemical-resistant apron in the

laboratory during the preparation of hydrochloric

acid. 

Question 2

The aim of the fountain experiment is to prove that

(a) HCl turns blue litmus red

(b) HCl is denser than air

(c) HCl is highly soluble in water

(d) HCl fumes in moist air

Solution 2

(a) HCl turns blue litmus red

Question 3

State your observations when :

(i) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to lead nitrate solution and the mixture is heated

(ii) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thisulphate

(iii) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to copper carbonate

Solution 3

(i) When dil. HCl is added to lead nitrate solution and heated, it forms a white precipitate of lead chloride.

 Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2HCl → PbCl₂ + 2HNO₃

(ii) Dil. HCl reacts with thiosulphate to produce sulphur dioxide, and yellow sulphur is precipitated.

 Na₂S₂O₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + SO₂ + S ↓ 

(iii) When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to copper carbonate, it decomposes to give copper chloride.

 CuCO₃ + 2HCl → CuCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂↑ 

Question 4

State the observation for action of dilute hydrochloiric acid or iron (II) sulphate.

Solution 4

Dilute hydrochloric acid decomposes iron(II) sulphide to produce iron(II) chloride and hydrogen sulphide having rotten egg smell.

FeS + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂S

Question 5

How will you distinguished between dilute HCl and dilute H₂SO₄ using lead nitrate solution?

Solution 5

Sulphuric acid precipitates the insoluble sulphate from lead nitrate solution.

Lead nitrate reacts with hydrochloric acid to give a white ppt. of lead chloride.