FRANK Solutions for Class 10 Biology Chapter 12 - Human Population

Chapter 12 - Human Population Exercise 153

Question 1

Define the following:
(i) Population (ii) Sanitation (iii) Deforestation
(iv) Birth control (v) Rhythm method (vi) Abstainence
(vii) Test-tube baby (viii) Birth rate (ix) Death rate
(x) Population density (xi) Natality

Solution 1

(i) Population: It is the total number of individuals of a species found in a particular area.
(ii) Sanitation: It refers to the formulation and application of measures intended to protect public health.
(iii) Deforestation: It is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from an area and thereafter that area is converted to a no forest use.
(iv) Birth control: It is an attempt to control the number of births in a family so that a couple may not have more than two children.
(v) Rhythm method: It is a natural method of birth control in which the couple attempts sexual intercourse a week before and a week after the menstrual cycle.
(vi) Abstainence: It is the act or practice of refraining from sexual intercourse.
(vii) Test-Tube baby: A test tube baby is one which is developed from an egg   that was fertilized outside the body and then implanted in the uterus of the biological or surrogate mother.
(viii) Birth rate: It is the total number of live births per thousand people of the population per year.
(ix) Death rate: It is the number of deaths per thousand people of the population per year.
(x) Population density: It is the total number of individuals of a particular species in relation to unit area at any given time.
(xi) Natality: It is the number of live births per thousand people of the population per year.

Question 2

Name the technical term used for the difference between birth rate and death rate in a population.

Solution 2

Growth rate

Question 3

Name the statistical study of the human population of a region.

Solution 3

Demography

Question 4

Suggest two important methods for birth control.

Solution 4

The two important methods for birth control are:
(i) Vasectomy
(ii) Tubectomy

Question 5

Mention any two reasons for the rapid increase of population in India recently.

Solution 5

The two reasons for the rapid increase of population in India recently:
(i) Advancement of science and technology
(ii) Better health care facilities

Question 6

What are the age restrictions for marriages by law for boys and girls in India?

Solution 6

The age restrictions for marriages by law for boys and girls in India are:
Boys: 21 years
Girls: 18 years

Chapter 12 - Human Population Exercise 154

Question 1

Give two advantages of a small family.

Solution 1

The two advantages of a small family are:
(i) Children can be provided with good health and good education along with the basic needs of life.
(ii) Living standards of the family can be high.

Question 2

What do you understand by population explosion? Discuss its consequences.

Solution 2

Population explosion: The exceptionally high rate of population growth is known as Population explosion.
The consequences of Population explosion may be overcrowding, shortage of resources like food, water, land, fuel etc. It can also result in unemployment, poverty, social unrest, epidemic, violence etc.

Question 3

What is meant by "population density"? What is the operation made in women to prevent the flow of eggs into oviducts?

Solution 3

Population density: It is the number of people per square kilometer at any given time.
Tubectomy is the operation made in women to prevent the flow of eggs into the oviduct.

Question 4

Mention two reasons for the decline in death rate in India in recent times.

Solution 4

Following are the two reasons for the decline in death rate in India in recent times:
(i) Advancement in the field of medical science which leads to reduced morality rate.
(ii) Longevity provided by better food and health services.

Question 5

What is the symbol of family welfare in our country?

Solution 5

The symbol of family welfare in our country is an 'Inverted Red Triangle'.

Question 6

What is meant by family welfare centres?

Solution 6

Family welfare centres are set up in hospitals and other health centres to advocate small families and to promote family welfare and planning. These centres advice people on issues such as family planning, gap between successive children etc without any cost.

Question 7

Suggest some methods of fertility control in men and women.

Solution 7

Following are the methods of fertility control in men and women:
Men: Vasectomy is a method of fertility control in men. In this method, a small portion of vas deferens is cut and is tied at both the ends.
Women: Tubectomy is a method of fertility control in women in which the fallopian tubes are cut and are tied at both the ends.

Question 8

Name the surgical method of contraception in human female.

Solution 8

Tubectomy is the surgical method of contraception in human female.

Question 9

Give the appropriate term for the following:
(i) The number of persons per square kilometre (km²) at any given time.
(ii) Death rate.

Solution 9

(i) Population density
(ii) Mortality

Question 10

Why resources cannot keep pace with the rising population? Give two reasons.

Solution 10

The resources cannot keep pace with the rising population because:
(i) The demand of resources is much more than the supply. The population is growing at geometric progression (1, 2, 4, 8) while the production of food can increase only arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
(ii) New towns and cities coming up to accommodate the growing population are putting strain on the agricultural land.

Question 11

State whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) Birth rate is the number of live births per hundred of the population.
(ii) Present human population growth is following arithmetic progression.
(iii) Rapidly growing industries favoured population rise.
(iv) Use of a condom for contraception is a barrier method.
(v) Tubectomy is performed on females.

Solution 11

(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) True

Question 12

Fill in the blanks:
(i) The last census in India was taken in the year ______.
(ii) ______ is the size of the population in relation to unit area at a given time.
(iii) Sex ratio is the number of ______ per thousand ______.
(iv) Primitive man began existence about ______ million years back.
(v) ______ is the total number of live births per thousand people per year.
(vi) ______ is the total number of deaths per thousand people per year.
(vii) ______ is simply the number of individuals belonging to different age groups.

Solution 12

(i) 2011
(ii) Population density
(iii) females, males
(iv) two
(v) Natality 
(vi) Mortality
(vii) Age ratio

Question 13

The diagram shown below represents a surgical sterilization method in males. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Name the parts marked A, B, C, D and E.
(ii) Give the name of the surgical method represented in the diagram.
(iii) Which part is ligated or cut?
(iv) Name the corresponding surgical method conducted on females.
(v) Name the part which is ligated in females and why?

Solution 13

(ii) Vasectomy
(iii) Vas deferens
(iv)  Tubectomy
(v) The part which is ligated in females is Fallopian tube. This is done to prevent the flow of eggs into the oviduct and its fusion with the sperm.

Question 14

(i) "Our resources cannot keep pace with the rising population." Give three examples in support of this statement.
(ii) Suggest any three steps which may be taken towards controlling the rapid rise in human population in India.

Solution 14

(i) "Our resources cannot keep pace with the rising population".
1. Population increases geometrically while food production is increasing arithmetically.
2. Rising population is putting heavy pressure on natural resources like water, land forest etc.
3. Fuel shortage is increasing day by day.
(ii) The three steps which may be taken towards controlling the rapid rise in human population in India are:
1. Education: People should be educated about the advantages of a small family.
2. Marriageable age: Population can be controlled by raising the age limit for marriage.
3. Family planning: Voluntary family planning using birth control measures and contraceptives can check the growth of population.

Question 15

What are the main drawbacks of a large population?

Solution 15

The main drawbacks of a large population are that it may lead to shortage of basic resources like food, water, fuel etc without which life would become impossible. In addition, overcrowding can also cause epidemics, poverty, unemployment etc.

Question 16

What steps has the Indian Government taken to control population?

Solution 16

The steps taken by the Indian government to control population are:
1. Establishment of health centers to advice and help people about family planning.
2. Free distribution of barrier contraceptives like condoms.

Chapter 12 - Human Population Exercise 155

Question 1

Choose the correct answer:
(i) Birth rate in developing countries is
(a)    10            (b)    20
(c)    30            (d)    39  
(ii) World population doubles in
(a)    15 years        (b)    20 years
(c)    30 years        (d)    35 years
  
(iii) The present world population is about
(a)    500 million        (b)    100 million
(c)    5 billion        (d)    7 billion
  
(iv) In 1991 population of India was
(a)    680 million        (b)    550 million
(c)    840 million        (d)    1000 million
  
(v) Maximum physiological ability to produce offspring is
(a)    birth rate        (b)    carrying capacity
(c)    biotic potential    (d)    population growth
  
(vi) Zero population growth means
(a)    no new births        (b)     no immigration
(c)     loss and gain are equal    (d)     no emigration
(vii) Reasons for increase in human population are
(a)     few diseases and good health.
(b)     low child mortality and few diseases.
(c)     decrease in death rate and increase in longevity.
(d)     availability of medicines and few diseases.
(viii) An IUCD is
(a)    pill            (b)    casectomy
(c)    condom            (d)    copper-T
  
(ix) The oral contraceptive contains
(a)    thyroxine        (b)    LH
(c)    GH                 (d)    progesterone  
(x) The purpose of vasectomy is
(a)    to make the tests atrophy.
(b)    to stop the production of sperms.
(c)    to prevent the presence of sperms in the semen.
(d)    to kill the sperms present in the semen.

Solution 1

(i) (b) 20
(ii) (d) 35 years
(iii) (d) 7 billion
(iv) (c) 840 million
(v) (c ) biotic potential
(vi) (c ) loss and gain are equal
(vii) (c) decrease in death rate and increase in longevity  
(viii) (d) copper-T
(ix) (d) progesterone
(x) (c)    to prevent the presence of sperms in the semen